James Baldwin

Language is a very controversial topic. The way many people hear language and judge others based upon it differs from place to place. Personally, I completely agree with James Baldwin. In his defense, language is what the general population uses to stereotype, it leaves us identifying each another, and language also can cause social exclusion. First off, language is widely used to stereotype others. One can judge others based on their accent, choice of words, or grammar. For instance, during James Baldwin’s time a Man with a sophisticated British accent was seen as an educated man with a decent income. Language also allows people to stereotype people based on where they come from. For example, people with bad grammar and used words such as â€Å"ain’t† or â€Å"y’all† typically are from the southern area of the United States. Next, people identify others personality based on word choice and grammar. George Bush, one of our very own U. S. residents, had a southern accent, and had he not been president, people would have most likely negatively identified him. They would assume he is a dumb, ignorant southerner because of his views. However, sharing his views as the president allowed him to be respected with the views either way, while some people disagreed with him, many saw him as a leader which would be very different had he been your average joe. Last but not least, language can lead to social exclusion. Because of poor language on someone’s part, others can exclude them. People can be excluded because of bad language that makes them sound dumb, or even language that makes them sound too smart like a know-it-all. Similarities in language create cliques among people and it is very easy to be shunned out of these cliques if one is noticeably different. To recapitulate, language is the cause of many stereotypes and differences in society. Language can be used to stereotype, or it can be used to identify others. Also, it can lead to social exclusion because of differences in language. All in all, language is a huge contributing factor to society

Aftermath – creative writing

BANG! I woke. I opened my eyes but was unable to see. The dust had settled like concrete boulders into the corners of my eyes! Everything was deadly still. The wind fiercely gave a shout. A black cloud stood dominating the demolished town. I moved my hands to wipe my irritated eyes, boulders, brickwork, broken furniture and complete devastation stood before me. A ray of light appeared through cracks of the rubble. The boulders took on features like monsters and ogres – making my chest tighten with fear. I vociferated for help. No one was around. I was scared: Petrified. I managed to pull my achy bones out from the debris, the pain was horrific. I could feel the cold misty wind stroke my face. In the far distance I could hear low voices that became louder and louder: hysterical screams. I attempted to crawl my way towards the noise – in hope for help. Shards of glass dug into the palms of my hands. Warm blood trickled down my knees, my throat tightened with the dirty dense dust. I could taste the fear. Behind me I heard a crackle. I turned. The flames of fire danced before my eyes. The heat scorched my face like the hottest sauna could. The smoke was a ferocious lion ready to pounce. I moved as quickly as I could, using all the energy I had. Slowly crawling like a young baby. I felt hopeless: disconsolate! The further I crawled the louder the low voices became. It was a horrendous atmosphere! The town had become a tragedy! Buildings around me had collapsed surrounded with sneaky smoke, brickwork and furniture were slowly burning away, the air was thick full of unknown flumes, why wasn't anyone around? What had happened? No building stood tall, burnt out office work scattered the debris, ashes and litter played in the wind. My body filled with just one emotion: anxiety. Cars around me were smashed and strangled with fire. I watched in dismay. Crashing noises appeared. Brickwork collapsed- followed with a speechless smash. More rubble fell with bold broken bang! Screaming voices emerged. I crawled towards the screams. I was able to hear sirens wailing in the faint distance carried by the wind. I began to see flashing lights though the dark debris. There was only one word to describe it: hope. Suddenly I glimpsed with the squint of the eye. The site of panicked people was ahead of me. My heart skipped a beat. I shouted, â€Å"Hello, can you hear me†. No one replied. â€Å"Can you hear me?† I screamed. I waited. I listened. A young lady ran over to me. â€Å"Its okay, you're safe now,† announced the lady. â€Å"What's happened? What's happened?† I repeated. She didn't answer. She grabbed my arm and wrapped it round her neck giving me support. We approached the flashing lights. Countless amounts of ambulances and fire engines appeared. Hundreds of people were gathered staring at the ruined town. Many people were hysterically screaming and crying. Dead bodies were covered with white cloths. I became speechless. Tears ran down my face. â€Å"Its over, you survived†, quietly explained the young lady. I took a big breath. I closed my eyes. I thought. One word repeated through my head: lucky.

R Research Proposal How are Aggressive TV Cartoons Affecting Childrens Essay

R Research Proposal How are Aggressive TV Cartoons Affecting Childrens - Essay Example Children who liked aggressive cartoons exhibited a low level of moral reasoning and were more excited about seeing violent cartoons. They seemed to approve the behavior of the violent characters and gave explanations to justify their violent behavior. Being a primary source, this article is very reliable in helping one explain the effects of aggressive cartoons on children. The author targets an educated audience because of the language and structure used in the paper. This article will be of critical use in my research paper because it exhibits the reality of aggressive cartoons having adverse effects on children. The author of this article adopts an approach that is rarely used by other scholars in a bit to understand the effect of aggressive cartoons in children. The author sought to describe the gender specific impact of aggressive cartoons. Notably, it is evident that boys and girls present different frequencies of watching TV cartoons, and are affected differently by aggressive cartoons. The research focused on 300 students, a representative sample chosen from different schools. Face to face interviews were conducted in an effort to collect data concerning the views of children about the impact of violence oriented cartoons. According to the results, girls and boys had varying prevalence of their favorite cartoon programs. It emerged that male children registered a higher level of influence from violent cartoons compared to girls. Moreover, boys were more likely to imitate characters from violent cartoons. The author’s approach was successful and the source proofs to be highly rel iable because it is a primary research article. Since the author adopted a case study research, which focused on children in Turkey, the source can be used to explain the influence of TV cartoons in the region. In the research paper, these

Winston Churchill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Winston Churchill - Essay Example Churchill served as a Member of the British Parliament between 1900 and 1905, before proceeding to serve as the Colonial Under-Secretary between 1905 and 1908. As the Colonial Under-Secretary, Churchill was the midwife the Transvaal Constitution. This was a watershed in British politics since it determined race relations among Britons and served as the genesis of recognition of the rights of blacks in Britain to participate in politics (Younger, 134, 135). In a separate wavelength, it is important to appreciate the contributions that Churchill made during his tenure as the President of the Board of Trade, during the time between 1908 and 1910. This was the time he was out of Parliament: from 24 April 1908 to May 1909, Churchill was out of Parliament. As the President of the Board of Trade, Churchill successfully made milestones in labor dispute mediation; made arbitrations in court; conducted and facilitated labor exchanges; and set the minimum wage for workers. The setting of minimum wage for workers improved people’s socio-economic welfare and increased Britain’s overall domestic purchasing power. Another way in which Churchill influenced British politics, criminal justice systems and socio-economic welfare is by championing for key reforms (in the relevant sectors) when he was the Home Secretary. This took place between 1910 and 1911. Within this time and in this capacity, Churchill successfully championed for the Home Rule for Ireland, the Strike intervention and Prison reforms. Churchill also sponsored the passage of the Insurance Act and the Labor and Shop Acts. As if the foregoing is not enough, Churchill also made immense contributions in Britain’s military progress. In this light, because of his impeccable performance in military, Churchill rose up through military ranks and the culmination of his progress was him serving as the First Lord of the Admiralty from 1911 to 1915 (DEste,

Two topics for two different papers, Broken Windows & Prison Essay

Two topics for two different papers, Broken Windows & Prison - Essay Example But however factual reports and research show that the broken window theory could definitely have an impact in crime reduction and it can be taken as a foundation for other crime reduction strategies. The other article by Wilson and Kelling brings to light the role of foot patrolling officers in helping public regain confidence on law and order. A disorderly place, not necessarily a place where crime occurs per se, becomes an area of fear especially for people living in and around the place. Foot patrolling officers in the earlier days helped remove this fear among the public through order-maintenance. However, in the following years police have been burdened with the additional role of law-enforcement, as a result of which they are forced to abide by certain rules. This has not helped them in achieving their primary duty of order maintenance. According to the authors, one effective alternative to this developing situation could be citizen patrolling. Good examples of which include c ommunity watchmen and setting up of vigilante groups. Despite the efforts by the general public, the patrolling effect of a policeman can be hard to achieve. Thus the article stresses that men in duty should be encouraged to do their extra bit in order to achieve communal harmony. The article ‘The Prison- Industrial Complex’ by Eric Schlosser throws light about the prison system in the United States. The US now has the distinction of holding more citizens in prison than any other country in the world. And a majority of the prison inmates is constituted by non-violent offenders. This has lead to the prison being viewed as an industrial complex, with more prisons being built to house more people. These prisons home a wide variety of criminals, law offenders, even those who are mentally ill, and with respect to their race about half the inmates in the US prisons are African-Americans, and the number of women inmates have

Topic Proposal on Should Testimonies of Lay Witnesses be Allowed in Coursework

Topic Proposal on Should Testimonies of Lay Witnesses be Allowed in Court - Coursework Example The law in some cases permits the witnesses to give their opinion evidence that can be categorized into expert opinion and lay opinion. â€Å"While the courts have made concessions in certain recurring situations, necessity as a standard for permitting opinions and conclusions has proved too elusive and too unadaptable to particular situations for purposes of satisfactory judicial administration† (Legal Information Institute, 2011). Lay witnesses give their opinions when they are based rationally on their perceptions, prove helpful in determining facts in the issue, and when they are not based on technical, scientific, and other kinds of knowledge in the expert testimony scope. Lay witnesses are permitted to give their opinion to help determine the weight, height, dimensions, quantity and such other features of things despite the lack of precision of their testimony. By definition, lay witnesses cannot be considered as experts on a specific matter. Even lay witnesses themselve s are not willing to appear as witnesses when they are given subpoena from the court. â€Å"For most inexperienced witnesses, the prospect of testifying in a deposition or courtroom fills them with dread† (Heaney and Koonan, 2007, p. 1). When lay witnesses meet other witnesses before appearing in the court, it reduces the chances of collusion and fabrication (Slovenko, 2004). This imparts the need to study to what extent the parties involved in the judicial cases are optimistic about the reliance of lay witnesses for evidence. Research in this field is very limited. By studying whether testimonies of the lay witnesses should or should not be allowed in court, this research would fill gap in the literature. This research would identify the response to the question; whether testimonies of lay witnesses should be allowed in court or not. Answer to this question would be obtained from different categories of people

Cereal Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cereal Case - Essay Example Generation after generation of parents are persuaded through clever advertising that cereal is a healthy and delicious breakfast staple that will make their children grow up big and strong. Builds strong bones, will make you a better athlete, supplies vital daily nutrients -- are just some of the dialogues propounded by commercials. On a visit to the grocery store ‘Scott’s’ in Kendallville, Indiana; the popularity and demand for the breakfast cereals was evident by the sheer variety of cereals available. There are over a 100 kinds of cereals on offer, with prices ranging from $1.94 to $4.72, depending on the category and brand. Almost all brands of cereal are available; an entire isle with 5 shelves is devoted to cereals alone. At a glance the cereal market can be segmented into ready-to-eat (RTE) cereals (cold cereals) and hot cereals. RTE cereals just have to be added to milk, water or yogurt, according to individual preference, and they are ready to be consumed. On the other hand hot cereals have to be cooked before they can be consumed, although the cooking time is minimal and cereals can either be cooked over the stove or micro-waved. Often breakfast cereals are also fortified with various vitamins, to add further nutritious value to the meal. The cereals are especially popular because they can be ready to eat in a jiffy with minimal effort / time spent in preparing them. At the same time they satisfy the parents that the child is being appropriately fed even if takes no effort to prepare the said nutritious meal. The children on the other hand are quite happy to have a cereal that is full of all their favourite attributes, i.e. flavor as in; cocoa, strawberry, honey, etc., degree of crispiness, frost ed, sugared, etc., and of course comes with a surprise toy or represents an idolized cartoon / movie character. Teenagers, who have a very interesting yet

Offer and acceptance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Offer and acceptance - Essay Example Similarly, in Partridge v Crittenden, 2 the High Court ruled that there was no violation of the law prohibiting the offering to sell wild birds except those bred in captivity and of the closed-ring specimen despite the advertisement to that effect because it was merely an offer to treat and not a legitimate offer of sale. There are of course, exceptions to this rule as those indicated in such cases as Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, 3 where the inclusion of the  £1,000 deposit was taken to mean as proof of the serious intent of the advertiser, and Williams v Carwardine, 4 where the advertisement offering reward to any informant in a murder case was held as a general contract with anyone who could provide the information without taking into account the motive of the informant. Thus, there was no initial valid offer by Alf in his advertisement. Neither was there a valid offer/acceptance by Bert when he initially called Alf over the phone considering that he was unsure at that time. Moreover, the agreement between him and Alf for the latter not to sell the computer until Sunday is unenforceable because of the lack of consideration that is an essential element in a contract. In Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge & Co Ltd, 5 a tyre maker sued a retailer for selling its tyre below the agreed retail price as previously agreed it and its dealers. One of the reasons why the High Court ruled against the plaintiff was that the defendant was not a party to the agreement in issue and there was no consideration flowing from the promisee to the promissor. Also, in Routledge v Grant 6 the Court held that an offer can be revoked despite an agreement to keep the offer for a certain period if no consideration was paid for that agreement. In the case at bar, there was no option money given by Bert to Alf to seal the agreement and make it enforceable. Even if the promise to hold the sale is valid, the new offer, which was valid, made by Bert on Tuesday and its

The American Revolution as a European Movement Essay Example for Free

The American Revolution as a European Movement Essay The American Revolution was and always will be the most important piece of history for the United States of America. It was definitely revolutionary. The Enlightenment of the eighteenth century was one of these paradigm historical shifts, challenging the traditional notions of authority by investing reason with the power to change the human condition for the better. The Enlightenment also shows that the American’s colonies were influenced by European ideals and political developments, and in turn the American’s colonies also influence Europe. Across the Atlantic, the Enlightenment had a profound impact on the English colonies in America and ultimately on the infant nation of the United States. â€Å"The Enlightenment challenged the role of religion and divine right and this helped Colonial America to see that it was possible to challenge the King and divine right. The movement challenged the role of God and allowed people to see that they were important and had the ability to shape their own lives. (â€Å"The Great Awakening†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , Journal) In many ways, the new United States was the Enlightenment, for its leaders could actually implement many of the ideas that European philosophers could only talk idly about. First, the Enlightenment helped to shape the colonies was in terms of religion. With the Great Awakening came a new understanding of America’s early relationship to God and the Church. Instead of one all-powerful church that almost required membership, Protestant ideals based on Enlightenment principles of free will and freedom from institutions allowed people to choose membership in a church rather than be forced into one. Although during the Enlightenment there was a very secular focus, in America this was not the case. The colonies were still very religious but they used the ideas of their freedom to choose that were based on the Enlightenment. Instead of being tied to one religious authority, there were many choices in the colonies and people had a right to choose how to establish and maintain their connection to God. Much of what colonists wanted to do with politics had a greater influence coming from Britain. Philosophers like Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both had great influence on American thinkers, with Locke being the more influential as Hobbes solution was not the thing the American founders wanted. Locke was far more optimistic, stating that all humans were capable and that they strove for the betterment of the world. John Locke believed that natural laws say that every person has certain basic rights, and he argued passionately for freedom of religion. He wrote that every person has the natural right to defend his â€Å"life, health, liberty or possessions. John Locke argued that because we have so much doubt about so many things, each person should have as much freedom as possible. Because we really don’t know the best way to organize and improve our society, all people should make their own decisions about what they want to do with their own lives. When Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, he echoed Locke, writing about â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness have become the central themes of American Revolutionary philosophy. † (Morton, Joseph C, 143) The American Revolution had much influence beyond the political boundary of the new nation. Many liberal movements in Europe took heart from the accomplishment of the American Declaration of Independence, the war itself, and the creation of a new government to replace the British rule over the old colonies. Many peoples wished to either overthrow the idea of monarchy or, at least, establish a constitutional monarchy. The French Revolution was inspired by many of the ideals of the American Revolution When the French people heard of the revolt in America they realized they didnt have to live under tyranny. They started the revolution in hopes of becoming an independent country. The French fought alongside the Americans against the English to accomplish a democratic, independent nation and the declaration of independence France was bankrupt at the time, so the people were very poor. Meanwhile they saw their monarchs in all their wealth and began to see them as tyrants. The stories of the French soldiers that had fought in America, like the Marquis de Lafayette, loved the American notion of liberty and began to support similar reforms in France. As James mentioned â€Å"Lafayette was one of the first people to advocate a National Assembly, and he worked to make France a constitutional monarchy. †(James) Revolutionary ideas turned into real plans of attack. They wanted to rid themselves of a monarchy ruled by the royals, clergy and aristocrats. In conclusion, Enlightenment thinking, economics, and geography all helped in some way toward an American revolution. Also, Enlightenment thinking helps the American colonists to know what they want in a government.

Britain’s Attempts to Appease Mussolini in the 1930’s Were Successful’ Discuss Essay Example for Free

Britain’s Attempts to Appease Mussolini in the 1930’s Were Successful’ Discuss Essay ‘Britain’s attempts to appease Mussolini in the 1930’s were successful’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. (24 marks) Britain’s attempt to appease Mussolini were successful up until the Abyssinian crisis of 1935, as Italy were not in league with Germany but on the contrary, were opposed to German expansion and revision of the treaty of Versailles. However after the Abyssinian crisis, this stance from Mussolini disappeared and changed greatly. Hence British attempts becoming unsuccessful, as ultimately Mussolini entered the Second World War on the side of Germany. Britain and Italy’s relationship was cordial before the Abyssinian crisis, indicating success in their appeasement policies. The Stresa front of 1935 between: Britain, France and Italy manifested this, as they agreed to prevent further revision of the treaty from Hitler and to resist him in his expansionist aims, and to also condemn Hitler’s actions. The Stresa front was suggested by Mussolini himself who was very co-operative and acted on the side of Britain and France as they all shared the same opinion on German rearmament. This showed how prepared Mussolini was to take action and stand against German aggression, as Mussolini was the only one who actually sent troops, during the Austrian Putsch of 1934, when the Nazi’s attempted to exploit Austria’s condition by trying to take over and employ a Nazi government. Italy was the only country who was prepared to take stance that was not mere condemnation but an actual military reaction, these clearly suggest ed Mussolini strong feelings in regards to Hitler. This found great success as they all agreed to it and this manifested Britain’s success in appeasement policies. Although Britain applied economic sanctions with the league, the sanctions did not include oil, which was the main necessity required for Italy’s invasion, as they required oil to run their ships for transportation. Britain did not close the Suez Canal, which was a fundamental route for Mussolini to transport his troops by; this meant that Italy’s invasion was not severely obstructed. These actions seemed to have been undertaken to appease Mussolini and to prevent him from engaging in a ‘mad dog’ activity  such as declaring war on Britain, this found success, as Mussolini did not declare war on Britain. This is another example of British success in their appeasement policies. Before the Hoare-Lavale pact was leaked into to the public, it seemed as if Mussolini would accept this proposal. Hitherto the pact, Hoare, the British secretary worked well with Italy, and demonstrated a close relationship. If Mussolini had accepted then it would be a success, as Mussolini would still be on the side of Britain. This could be seen as some sort of success, as at first it did seem that it would be successful. Ultimately, it was a failure of British appeasement, as Mussolini did not accept the proposal to ‘save face’. However, there were also many examples of British failure of appeasement, such as the Anglo-German Naval Agreement, which was poor example of British policy, as it did nothing but completely undermine, consequently damaging the Stresa front irrevocably. As it angered Mussolini greatly and it was almost as if Britain were stabbing the other members of the Front in the back, as they condemned Germany in the Stresa Front and then signed an agreement with them, allowing them some sort of navy. Britain’s condemnation of Mussolini and the sanctions made him disgruntled and dissatisfied. These sanctions were an example of complete failure, as it achieved nothing at all. It was half hearted and it angered Mussolini at the same time, which pushed him into the arms of Germany, resulting in nothing being achieved. As during the time of the crisis, Hitler supported Mussolini and gained his favour, which ended up in them two signing pacts such as the Rome-Berlin axis and the pact of steel. The policy of appeasement failed wholly in some respects, because Britain did not achieve her aim of keeping Mussolini on her side, which was what Britain wanted. But it ended up that Mussolini and Hitler became much closer as they supported the Fascist group during the Spanish Civil War, by both sending troops to aid them, while Britain stood idly by doing nothing. The acceptance of the Anschluss from Italy was a great success for Germany and a  greater blow to the treaty and Britain. Mussolini invaded and conquered Abyssinia in the end, which was the result of Britain’s half-hearted sanctions. This also gave confidence to both Mussolini and Hitler, as it showed them how feeble and indecisive Britain during the Abyssinian crisis, giving them the impression that they could perform such acts again. In conclusion, Britain’s policies of appeasement were successful up until the Hoare-Laval pact, as from then on; British appeasement failed and became unsuccessful, because Italy ended up on Germany’s side in the Second World War. Also after the Abyssinian crisis, appeasement could be seen as an unnecessary policy, due to the fact that Mussolini was on Hitler’s side. Yet Britain pressed on with appeasement, such as the Easter Accords, which accepted the status quo of the Middle East and Abyssinia, but this is negligible as Mussolini did not actually stick to it and did not achieve anything. The successful examples were not significant overall, as the unsuccessful cases were more prevalent and outweigh them.

A Report of a Child Observations

A Report of a Child Observations For confidentiality reason, I will refer to the child as A. Child A is a three years and two months old male, from a working class, mixed heritage background: mum is Indian and dad is English. He is a middle child with an older brother aged four and a nine months old sister. Parents are married and they all live together. A naturalistic, non-participant, target child observation was done for an hour a week over a six weeks period in a co-educational private nursery; with a class size of 20 children ages between 3-4, and 3 teachers. Structured observation is done in a natural social setting to observe predefined activities. The avoidance of premature interpretation, without seeking to understand the context in which behaviour occurred is an important skill needed in structured observation. It eliminates the risk of instant judgement and moral absolutes. All aspects of observed behaviour according to Sheppard (2006) as citied in Adams et al (2009: 211), must be rigorously explained, analysed and contextualised. Objectivity in drawing conclusion by taking an observational stance is an invaluable skill. Objectivity is needed in systematically evaluating observed behaviour, context and situations in an unbiased, factual way. Heightened self-awareness of personal feelings, experiences, attitude and values and its effect on judgement needs to be recognised (Trowell and Miles 2004). Effective communication skills enhance empathic understanding of observed behaviour and its social context. Direct observation of non-verbal behaviour adds information about emotional states. Social workers need to be attentive to non-verbal cues e.g. tone of voice and link behaviour with emotions that might have caused it (Wilson et al 2008). Communication skills are the blinding blocks to forming relationships based on trust and confidence. Communication skills assist service users to modify their unrealistic expectations and clarify the respective goals (Thompson 2003). Tolerating uncertainty is another important skill. It develops the not knowing way of practice: Briggs (1992) as cited in Wilson et al (2008: 106) states that the process of giving emotional attention to what is observed and the delibrate delaying of knowing facilitates in practice the kind of measured assesment that is blocked if stereotypes and prejudice are unthinkingly adopted. The act of not knowing reduces ineffective hasty intervention because it helps social workers to reflect on situations (Tanner 1998). Information gathering and documentation skill is invaluable in structured observation. Observed behaviours should be recorded in an accurate, factual and chronological manner; recording as soon as possible as this affects how much is recalled; the language used to code behaviour and experiences is also important: this minimises the risk of misinterpretation and the reliability of the information. Confidentiality should be adhered to in regards to all information (Thompson 2003). Theoretical framework illuminates social workers understanding of behaviour thereby enhancing the appropriate use of social work strategies and intervention. Developmental psychology is concerned with understanding the interaction between individuals and their environment, and the impact this has on their long-term development. Crawford and Walker (2003) as citied in Ingleby (2010) highlighted the impact biological and sociological perspective has on child development. Social workers work in a complex society dealing with individuals, family and communities. In child development, the nature versus nurture debate is vital, if the extent to which environmental and/or heredity factors that affects child development is to be established. Nature looks at the impact of heredity factors whiles nurture concentrates on the environmental factors on the development of a child ( Bee and Boyd 2010). Attachment theory seeks to explain the effect social emotional interaction has on cognitive development. Bowlby researched the impact maternal deprivation has on development. He concluded that from birth to two years is the critical period in which emotional bond is formed; otherwise the impact will be an irreversible damage in later life. Ainsworth developed this theory further by her Strange Situation research and stated that the mother is not the only attachment figure as children can form close emotional bond to other attachment figure. She conducted a research on mothers and babies and concluded that emotional bond is formed with other attachment figure depending on the emotional responsiveness of the attachment figure. She identified four types of attachment: secure, ambivalent, avoidant and anxious attachment (Gross 2010). Child A exhibited signs of distress during separation with mum; however, his teacher was able to comfort him. According to Ainsworth, child A would be described as been securely attached. He felt secure and able to depend on the carer due to her emotional responsiveness to his needs. A child displayed a secure attachment toward his mother based on trust. This according to Erickson and Freud can be accounted for by the effective bonding with his mother during the critical period. For secure attachment to be formed, according to Freud, the childs gratifications should have been sufficiently satisfied (Gross 2010). On the nurture side of the debate, is behavioural theories, child development is influenced by environmental factors and the unconscious they believe is of little importance. According to Watson 1913 as cited in Bee (2010), nurture plays an important part through the manipulation of environmental factors. This was demonstrated in his research on Little Albert and the effect of classical conditioning. Behavioural approach focus on the influences environment factors has on overt behaviour. According to behaviourist, an individual is a clean slate and the environmental factors are the chalk and the individual holding the chalk: what is written on the slate is decided by the individual holding the chalk (Ingleby, 2010, p. 5). An individual identity is therefore shaped by the interaction between the individual and the environment; this theory can be associated with psychologist such as Skinner, Watson and Pavlov. Child A on arrival at the nursery knew where to hang his coat: his behaviour was positively affirmed by his mum with praise and a smile. A has therefore been conditioned to associate this behaviour with positive affirmation. This can be linked to the work of Skinner known as operant condition, this refers to the link that exists between positively affirming behaviour that reinforces a particular stimulus (Ingleby, 2010). According to Freud, the thought process of both the conscious and the unconscious; and early experiences can be accounted for human development. Through the manipulation of the though process which he called the: id which regulate biological needs; the ego- social self and the super ego- our social identity, individual develops through the six stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, puberty and geniality (Ingleby, 2010, p. 8). Freud stages of development are more to do with the maturation than the environmental interaction. However, according to Piaget cognitive development stages, the interaction with the environment accounts for more. His stages of development are sensori-motor, pre-occupational, concrete and formal. As children, interact with their environment: the biological need; the developments of self and social identity are met. At the preoccupation stage, symbolic thought is developed and the child is seen as egocentric. In contrast, according to Vygotskys, cognitive development is influenced by an older experienced individual who act as a scaffold. Play is important if a child is to pass through this stage successfully: as it encourage interaction and the imitation of adult role (Wilson et al 2008). Ericksons stages of development though similar to Freuds in the development of social identity, differ as his qualitative distinct stages expand through the lifespan. An example of this is the development of ego, which occurs in the autonomy vs. shame, doubt stage between the ages of 2-3. According to Freud the anal stage, is where children are susceptible to low self-esteem and reduced autonomy as they learn social norms and acquire new skills. A relationship based trust, which is developed in the previous stage, between the child, and carer is critical for emotional well-being ( Bee an Boyd, 2010). During the observation and when relating observed behaviours to psychological theories I was petrified of mirroring my own early experiences and the influence this may have on my behaviour and responses to the observed behaviour . On reflection, at the start of the observation I felt anxious and concentrated on trying to relate psychological theories to observed behaviour. However, with time I became less anxious in my role as an observer. I felt happy at how responsive the carers were to the needs of the child especially during separation with parent and during play. When interpreting the result of my observation, I was aware of my own assumptions about childrens behaviour based on my knowledge and experience of child development and socio-cultural influences. Social workers bring to their profession not only their skills and knowledge but also their emotional history, values, commitment to social justice, biases, attitudes, anxieties, self-concept, protective instincts, cultural background and social identity (Mandell 2008: 244). An example of this, is attachment theory which according to Boyum and Parke (1995) when done in isolation does not give a true account of the type of attachment, as it depends on how emotionally expressive the cultural context is. I have also learnt to recognise the childs position in the family and nursery, as well the wider social context and appreciate the diversity of these networks and the different theories that can aid my understanding of child development. This experience has been invaluable: it contributes towards my personal development, by given me insight knowledge of theorising; enhanced my reflective ability including the importance of feedback; and the importance of self-awareness. It also enhances my understanding of the unavoidable impact of the emotional content of the interactions between social worker and service users; for example during the observation I felt isolated, confused, happy, anxious and frustrated at times. This experience also helps me develop and understand the importance of maintaining professional boundaries. Reflexivity was the final stage of this reflective journey, the combination of reflection and critical reflection and the understanding of my own reflective journey (Wilson et al 2008).

Psychological Estrangement in Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay -- Tragedy of

Psychological Estrangement in Shakespeare’s "Hamlet" In Shakespeare’s "Hamlet", the main character, Hamlet, is burdened with attaining revenge on his murdered father’s behalf from the king of Denmark, King Claudius. In attempting to kill Claudius, Hamlet risks enduring estrangement occurring within himself at multiple psychological levels. The levels of estrangement that risk Hamlet’s psychological sense of identity are religious estrangement, moral estrangement, estrangement from countrymen, estrangement from his mother, and estrangement from women in general. Hamlet feels self-actualized from following basic religious principles of living. This is shown by Hamlet’s refusal to commit murder thus preventing Hamlet from committing suicide at a time when he felt like doing so to avenge his father’s death because both murder and suicide are considered sins (Cahn 97). " To be, or not to be, that is the question:/ Whether’ tis nobler in the mind to suffer/ The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune/ or to take arms a sea of troubles†¦", (Act III, I.) Hamlet is questioning if it is worth living in such misery or not as everyday he is burdened with trying to avenge his father’s death. At this stage Hamlet is suicidal and risks himself being estranged from his religious principals as he begins to think of suicide. If Hamlet were to kill Claudius, he would be violating a central religious principle against murdering another human being. Both suicide and murdering King Claudius would make him feel guilt at having violated religious coda, thus representing estrangement at the level of his religious consciousness (Knight 14). As Hamlet has the duty to avenge his father’s death by killing his father’s murderer, the King, Hamlet risks estrangement at the religious level. Hamlet is also principled in a moral sense. To kill a king would mean violating his internal conviction against committing crimes that might harm the hierarchical order of a state's government (Scott 56). This is one of the reasons that Hamlet with a sword in his hand does not kill Claudius while he finds him in an act of praying. Deceit is also one of the main moral issues Hamlet has to face in order to avenge his father’s death that violates his moral conviction of being loyal. Hamlet risks estrangement from his moral sense as he decides to put on an antic disposition in order to tric... .... These facts disturb him by making him feel weary and estranged of women’s' emotional weaknesses, which in turn make him feel weary of women in general. That weariness of women threatens his sense of self-actualization, because it is much more difficult for him to carry on a normal sex life if he feels estranged by women in general; a heterosexual man who is unable to carry on a normal sex life with women (Cahn 91). In attempting to kill Claudius, Hamlet risks psychological estrangement that he will likely experience psychological estrangement occurring on multiple levels. He would feel estrangement of his bond of motherly love, his bond of womanly love, his bond of friendship, his bondage to his religious and normative principles, and his bond to his professional colleagues. Many different forms of estrangement occurring simultaneously risk his psychological sense of identity. The realization that he faces such enormous pressures shapes his seemingly bizarre behavior in the play, and makes him struggle against the awesome weight of his obligation to destroy Claudius. All of this, of course, is in addition to his basic fear of being executed if he attempts to kill Claudius.

The Top of the World is Not for Everyone :: Essays Papers

The Top of the World is Not for Everyone Once the exclusive domain of the elite mountaineers, the roof of the world now lures scores of amateurs. These climbers seek a challenge that begins as high drama but can end abruptly as tragedy (Breashears, 1997).† At 29,035 feet, Mount Everest is the â€Å"top of the world† and the ultimate challenge for Climbers. But recently with advances in technology and equipment, more people are attempting to conquer Everest, although many of them do not belong in such an unpredictable, dangerous place with such little experience. With more and more people venturing to the top of Everest, substantial pollution has been a result, which is an expensive and difficult problem to correct at such high altitudes. Everest, which was once considered a sacred home of the gods, is now a commercialized, life threatening challenge with accumulating contamination. Mount Everest is situated at the edge of the Tibetan Plateau, on the border of Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Traditionally, those living near Everest honored the mountain and thought of the Himalayas as scared homes of the gods. No local people climbed them until the early 1900’s. But as foreign expeditions brought tourist dollars and Western ideas, the local people began to serve as porters for foreign climbers (Encarta, 2000). Many expeditions were sent out to reach the summit of Everest, but most ended unsuccessfully with tragic deaths. In 1921 George Leigh Mallory led a British Expedition to the summit of Everest climbing the north side. On May 29, 1953, Edmund Hillary of New Zealand, and Tenzing Norway, a Sherpa of Nepal under the tenth Expedition Flag of the British and the leadership of John Hunt were the

Impact of internet social and political Essay

The internet is less than two decades old but its impact has been felt by almost everyone in the global village. It has not only revolutionized our personal interaction habits but has also impacted greatly on other spheres of our life, most notably the economy. In many societies, the digital technology has not only influenced the political communication but also the whole political systems. Shapiro (1999) suggests that the digital technology has captured the attention of everyone from the media, government and the general public. Although the invention of the internet has brought with it some negative aspects, the digital technology has been hailed as the man’s new road to the better world. This paper will try to discuss some of the aspects of the internet that have continuously impacted on our social and political behaviours as citizens. Computers and the internet have greatly facilitated and expanded the individuals’ capacities in every sector of the society. Gurstein (2000) contends that the new ICTs have impacted almost everyone from institutions to business to organizations to the political arena. The impact has been so great that every sector of our society feels obliged to embrace the information communication technology in order to either improve the running of the government, community networking or to improve the citizen participation in the new information society. Terms such as â€Å"citizen networks†, â€Å"digital cities† or â€Å"e-governments† have become common expressions these days. They simply imply the new ways of interactions that exist between the governed and the government and new ideas regarding the metropolitan policies, through the use of electronic media (Sclove, 1995). The urban settings, built landscape as well as the social setting in our society, has undergone tremendous transformation from the last decade into the new millennium. The citizens have also not been left behind in this era of transformation. What we consider space, time, and our perception of politics as well as what we consider public or private and local or global has greatly changed. The advancement in the information communication technology has largely contributed to the changes in our cities and contemporary societies (Tsagarousianou, Tambini, & Bryan, 1998). There is a new concept that has caught on with most people in our society concerning governance. The term â€Å"electronic democracy† though has been in use since 1960s when most activists introduced a number of communication medias like free radio stations, to make the governments more accountable and responsive to its citizens, has found its way back in the advent of the internet (Sclove, 1995). Internet is currently being used to marshal grassroots groups to support a certain cause by most civil activists. There is also a growing mass of citizen initiatives that help to shape public opinion and thus influencing policies both at the national and local level. The internet therefore has greatly challenged the hitherto monopolies of the most political classes through better communication networks that have empowered the citizens to create a form of democracy in the society (Schuler, 1998). Today, many cities around the globe have created home pages in the internet and forums for interaction with their city residents. Governments around the world both at the local and national level in developed and developing nations alike, have invested in e-government projects through networks that enable citizens access to government structures, engage in online transactions or to get information on government policies. Some of these networks and sites have enable citizens to participate in most decision making regarding the management of urban habitats (Underwood, 2002). The internet has great potential to amass groups of people persuasive to certain ideologies. Many organizations now have websites which they use not only to communicate with their members but to recruit more like-minded individuals into their groups. Indeed the internet has become one of the major tools for lobbying citizens to a particular cause. Such organizations as the Internet Society and Voters Frontier Foundation have been very active in recruiting and educating the public on political issues in America (Tsagarousianou, Tambini, & Bryan, 1998). These groups have greatly contributed to the policy making processes through intensive lobbying. The internet has therefore provided a better platform for the citizens to actively participate in the political arena. This development has actually dealt a big blow to the interest group politics that have gone on over the years (Davis, 1999). The internet has impacted greatly on how we interact these days. Due to its widespread and accessibility, the information communication technology has completely changed the forms of social engagements. Today, there are numerous social networking sites that have increased the speed at which we do interact and organize our social activities. The most notable ones are MySpace and Facebook, which have simply taken the social interactions to the next level. These sites not only make it easier to keep in touch with friends and family members but enable subscribers to find other friends online. The era of information communication has ushered in a new way of keeping contacts with others no matter the distance between us. In a nutshell, the internet has reduced the world to a global village where everyone can be reached simply by a few clicks of the mouse (Subrahmanyam & Greenfield, 2008). The social networking sites have also been very important in educating the public on social and political problems afflicting the society. There are groups of people who have formed social forums and recruited individuals with like-minded views on the social and political events in the country. Members would be easily reached through the internet and topics as well as current affairs discussed. These forums have been quite helpful in bringing change in the political and social arenas in our country. It is the emergence of the internet as a political tool that some countries like the Myanmar, Iran and China have censored its usage among their citizens. These countries have restricted contents of political and religious materials that are accessible to their citizens (Shapiro, 1999). Again, a new internet phenomenon has emerged reshaping the politics and political activities in many countries around the global. What has been referred to as the internet activism has caught on in many countries and political players and citizens alike have embraced internet to win masses into their camps and political groupings (Tolbert, & McNeal, 2003). The current United States president Barrack Obama owes much of his political success to the internet. He amassed overwhelming campaign funds that enabled him outmuscle his opponents in the 2008 elections simply by recruiting a greater mass of followers through the internet. The citizens who were eager for change contributed wholeheartedly to this cause through internet donation. What was most remarkable was the overwhelming following Obama was able to attract over a short period of time in politics. Those who contributed included even non-Americans, who found it easier because of the internet. The internet has also provided leisure activities to its users through social entertainment sites. Currently, there are a number of forums that provide games, videos, and cartoons to entertain internet users. The internet has also enabled easy access to news and information. People these days are able to watch and listen to news, book for vacations, get information on weather and many other things of their interest. There are also thousands of blog sites that have not only provided a platform of communication but have enabled most people to interact by sharing views on various happenings around them. The blog sites have also become political tools most citizens use to lobby people onto their way of thinking (Rodgers, 2003). During the early stages of its development, in the early 1990s, the digital technology led to what many considered internet-euphoria. Many optimists believe it was the new dawn to mankind’s participation in social, political as well as economic spheres in his society. These euphoric evaluation has somewhat changed over the years as more people are now becoming more aware of the dangers technological advancement may pose to the society (Engel, & Keller, 2000). There is the issue of lack of internet safety as the social networking sites have proved to be. The critics of internet claim that it may increase cyber thefts or deceits because one may be able to steal one’s identity especially from the social networking sites. The challenges posed by the internet to the political activities have been cited as some propaganda wars between nations which may spill over into real battles (Tolbert, & McNeal, 2003). Conclusion The internet has profound altered our societal operation both in political and social spheres. The citizens will continue to access vital information that would eventually empower them which in turn will reshape the politics and political class that have long governed with their interest-based policies. Again, the internet has proved to be a better social tool in our society because it has made interaction easier than before. However, there are a few challenges that must be overcome to make it safer for every user.

Assignment #2 †Zale Jewelers Flop at the High End Essay

1.What do you think will be the effectiveness of Burton returning Zales Jewelers to its regular business strategy? In your answer, define or categorize that strategy. I think that Burton returning the Zales Jewelers to its regular business strategy will bring back the company from the decline it was facing with Forte as CEO. The business strategy Forte had in mind was cutting the customers Zales had tremendously. For years Zales has always been seen a specific brand with focus on diamond rings and jewelry and their customers go to them because of that. Bringing back Zales to its regular business strategy will help in terms of the operational effectiveness. They will be able to sell their products value. Burton will use a business-level strategy which will focus on product differentiation, focus and cost leadership. This strategy will help the company get back from the Forte’s disaster of a strategy. The product differentiation will offer products to customers that cannot be found in any of their competitor’s stores. Having unique diamond jewelry and being able to afford it will attract new and old Zales customers. Focus strategy focuses on a specific buyer market. Knowing your brand and who your intended focus will be on is important for a company. When I hear Zales I get images of diamonds, engagement rings, and jewelry. Focusing on these points will help the business strategy. Lastly, cost leadership is providing a product at a low cost which will give the company a gain in market share. Zales cuts prices on holidays which bring in more business and helps in terms of their suppliers. I think that bringing back Zales to how it use to be, to the diamond store everyone knows it to be will drive sales up. Once the business strategy is properly thought out where they know what key areas to focus on they will have no problems in terms of appeal to customers. 2.What should Burton do about the ethical and legal problems facing Zales? Burton should take care of the ethical and legal problems facingI think that Burton should use the functional-level strategy where you find and   retain the best people. Legal problems can lead a company down the wrong road and potentially injure them financially. Ethical behavior within a company is very important. It could be the difference between a company being successful and getting sued. As for Burton I think that she should first focus on finding a highly competent person that will behave ethically. Also she should implement new and stricter policies, procedures and rules everyone (even high level executives) should follow. The policies will

Issues on Paid College Athletes

Should college athletes be paid? Many have different opinions on this subject. Some feel that a fully paid scholarship is enough for these talented individuals. But for the athletes it†s not enough. Allen Sack, a former football player said: † No matter their economic circumstances, college scholarship athletes, almost universally agree that there needs to be a way for money to find its way into their hands ligitimatley.† But what most the public doesn†t know is that intercollegiate athletics is a primary source of income for colleges and universities in the United States, and the athletes aren†t seeing a penny of it. The N.C.A.A. is what†s keeping the athletes from seeing some of the money they deserve by calling it â€Å"Amateurism.† Rule 2.9 says: † The principal of Amateurism Student athletes shall be amateurs in an intercollegiate sport, and their participation should be motivated primarily by education and the physical, mental and social benefits to be derives. Student participation in intercollegiate athletics is an avocation, and student athletes should be protected from exploitation by professional and commercial enterprises.† These rules show you how the N.C.A.A. controls the actions of the student athletes, only to allow them to be manipulated by their universities and take away their freedom to earn money on their own. College athletes who come from low-income families have little or no money, leading them to accept money and gifts illegally. Presidents of division I schools are allowing boosters to offer big money to talented athletes for competing on the fields of play, and try to attract wealthy TV networks to commercialize the sports and make Billions off the consumers. College athletes are young and naive and maybe that†s why they accept money and gifts. Maybe they feel they deserve it and lack the fear of any consequences or maybe they truly need the money since they can†t make it elsewhere. Athletes know they have a scholarship, but they also know that a scholarship doesn†t give you any money for normal everyday spending. For whatever reason student athletes accept money, whether good or bad, they still take it and they always will as long as it†s offered. The star athlete is basically hired to bring success to a certain sports program, regardless of his or her educational goals or intellectual background. Technically it is a phrase describing an individual student who engages in a sport for the academic institution they represent. But the problem that haunts the N.C.A.A. is the realization that the student athlete is truly two different words, describing two different groups of people and one day they will have to admit that they are separate. The bottom line is winning, and winning requires talented athletes, but some athletes realize their value and demand some compensation for their efforts. With all their long hours of hard work and endless practice, they put everything on the line. They risk life and limb for the university they represent and for what? Why undergo the stress and strain of a season, year after year, to only be tossed aside after their eligibility or talent is used up? Obviously for some, it†s that small possibility one day turning professional, but for others it†s the question of why can†t I get paid for my work now? Universities realize that they take in millions of dollars in revenue, and in return all the athlete gets is a scholarship. It all adds up from grants-in-aid to student athletes which generates about 5 million dollars a year. Add that to the millions spent on travel, housing, equipment, health care and other costs, pretty soon were talking about real money. According to the Bureau of Census is that the free education a scholarship athlete has, typically generates an extra $500,000 or more in that persons future. An education is priceless, and the student athletes at American colleges and universities reap the benefits of the finest higher education system in the world. So the knowledge that a student athlete gains in the classroom is something that will never depreciate. What paying players would do is free them from a system in which they do most of the work and assume all of the risk, yet are prevented from sharing in the results of their labor. This in effect, would terminate any forms off corruption and exploitation of intercollegiate athletics. It would also benefit the universities, while still profiting from their athletic programs they would also be scandal free and have the pressures of winning taken off their shoulders. The majority of the pressure would be carried by the already high paid coaches and soon to be high paid athletes. The N.C.A.A. could benefit by engaging in more high profit venues and would be relived of enormous amounts of pressure due to an employee situation within the system. Overall, a system of salary paid athletes put into intercollegiate athletics would change the views of many. Whether it would benefit society depends on such a proposal. I see no reason why such a proposal could not be created.

The Regulatory & Ethical Environment of Business

Incorporated In Wall or with a physical presence In Wall) to review in an original term paper. The student must cover at a minimum 3 of the following 7 topics: (2) What type of entity is this business (e. G. LLC, for-profit entity, nonprofit entity, etc. ) and why is that the best choice for this business? (1) How does the equines address ethical or moral issues? (5) What environmental issues does the business deal with? (3) If the business develops, sells or otherwise deals with consumer products, how does the business ensure product safety? (4) Does the business engage in advertising? If so, why? Further, how does it determine what type of advertising best suits Its purposes? (6) What employment Issues has the business faced? 7) What type of steps does the business undertake to Meltzer discrimination both within and outside the workplace? Papers will be graded on thoroughness and concepts covered in the textbooks. Students may conduct research of the business however they see fit, though it is strongly suggested that the student interview or otherwise correspond with a contact person or persons affiliated with the chosen business. Papers must be double spaced, typed in size 12 Times New Roman font with 1 inch margins. The paper must be a minimum of 10 pages and a maximum of 12 pages. MGM-6020-E, 6020?The Regulatory & Ethical Environment of Business Term Paper : Hallelujah Solar (http://www. Holidaymakers. Mom/) length of existence in Hawaii and a description of Hawaii-based activities (particularly f you are covering a national â€Å"chain† business) Hallelujah Solar named after a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maim. The story of the company is not what one would expect. It did not start with a massive research or a group or pro environmental scientist. It all started back in the ass's, Hallelujah Solar founder, Jim Whitlock,working as a plumber at a golf course, came home after a hard day of work, ready for a nice shower and realized he had no hot water. He called his landlord, and told him all the water he was getting was cold. Mr.. Toby, a long-time local, came over and pointed to a box on the roof and exclaimed in his broken English, â€Å"No more sun, no more hot water†. Mr..Toby went on to explain how the home-made device, copper tubes sandwiched between old window panes connected to a water tank sitting on a rotting wooden stand, used the sun to create hot water. Jim touched the tubes and pulled immediately back from the heat. The proverbial light bulb went off in his head. â€Å"Holy cow, this actually works†, he thought. And that was it. Jims solar energy Journey had begun. Keep in mind back then he was a long-haired hippie surfer, involved in environmental causes like Save Our Surf, a group dedicated to preserving reefs and pristine shorelines from unscrupulous developers. In a weird twist of fate, here he is years later, using inspiration he got from an amateur b ackyard inventor, still helping the environment and along with it, thousands of other lives as well.However, despite the free spirited image Jim was no slacker he was mechanically inclined and good with his hands. It took Jim 60 days to build a solar system prototype whilst working a day Job. This was no small feat considering this was before most people owned a computer let alone heard of the internet. He spent most of his extra time in the local library doing research and experimenting with different materials and products and eventually developed an efficient working solar hot water system. â€Å"The members of the corporation unlike the members of partnership or the proprietors of a business – are financially liable for the debts of the organization only up to the extent of their investments† (Pig 152 Shaw). 977, Jim officially started his solar company, Hallelujah Resources Inc. During the ass's, due to the oil embargo in the Middle East, crude prices rose dramati cally. Environmental awareness also emerged at this time and the ambition of the two triggered tremendous interest in alternative ways to create energy. Solar was a major recipient of this newfound interest and the whole industry took off. Due to the professionalism and integrity of Jim and his services, the now- named Hallelujah Solar quickly became the largest solar company in Maim, eventually other islands and soon they were installing systems all over the state. In the mid ass's, Jim started experimenting with solar cells, creating electricity.With fuel costs constantly rising, and photovoltaic technology prices dropping, he envisioned a true in which â€Å"people would set up their own small electric companies†. In observing the incredible growth of solar electric today, we can conclude he was right. Hallelujah Solar has been in business for over 35 years and has installed over ten thousand solar energy systems with satisfied customers all over the state of Hawaii. They believe servicing systems is Just as important as installing them. They are a one- stop shop and service anything solar energy related. Hallelujah Solar truly stands behind their work, and are one of the few solar companies in the state to have been round long enough to actually back up a 25 year warranty. What type of entity is this business (e. G.LLC, for-profit entity, nonprofit entity, etc. ) and why is that the best choice for this business? â€Å"When we think of corporation we naturally think of giants such as General Motors, Exxon Mobil, Microsoft or Walter, which exert enormous influence over our economy and society. But the local independently owned convenience store may be a corporation. † (pig 1 52 Shaw). Jim Whitlock knew that if he to have any kind of success he needed to create a corporation. Corporation has many advantages that suited this reticular situation. First of all the expansion factor a non-for-profit entity has harder time Justifying expansion since its goal is not revenue generation but rather its mission.Its not the fact that Non-For-Profit organization cannot generate revenue, actually a lot of them do (For example NCAA (National College Athletic Association)), it is the fact that it cannot use revenues to invest in itself. Revenues of non-for-profit organization usually distributed to shareholders as dividends or invested in projects. Non-for-profit cannot retain profits for self investment. Jim Whitlock had the sights et on expansion and needed the profits and revenues to be invested back into the corporation. So that he can weather downturns in business and have enough financial leverage to expand. Non-for-profit usually relies on donations as the main contribution, Corporations are relied on investors as the main source of contribution.Being an investor is more lucrative than being a donor. With corporation it is easier to get findings not only from people who want to succeed with you but also from financial institutions . If a corporation is generating revenue financial institutions are more inclined to give loan or become an investor. The idea of making money appeals more to the banks rather donations†¦ Go figure. Last but not least the Non-for-profit tax requirement for compliance are tedious and time consuming not to mention strict regulations code Jim Whitlock needed to focus on the company's development and its growth instead of trying to comply with government requirements.These are the biggest reasons why Corporation was the right path for Hallelujah corporation rather than the path of non for profit. One of the most important legal benefits is the proprietors and general partners in a partnership are personally and Jointly expansible for all the liabilities of a business such as loans, accounts payable, and legal Judgments. In a corporation, however, stockholders, directors and officers typically are not liable for the company's debts and obligations. There is this quote in the book â €Å"The problem, of course, is that they are not human beings. Or to quote Lord Thrown an eighteenth-century lawyer, how can you â€Å"expect a corporation to have a conscience, when it has no soul to be damned and no body to be kicked(pig 154 Shaw).The fact is that these types of corporations do have souls because it starts tit one man's idea and that man wants to see his idea come to fruition, to grow and to materialize. To start something from basically zero with Just an idea a person needs to invest time, a person needs to invest resources and most importantly his soul. The corporation is a shield for personal assets to minimize the already enormous risk a person is taking. Such shield allows the company to grow and maintain the work force knowing that the corporation Just like a person can be braised or blamed, even punished for the decisions management makes and the policies management undertakes. 1) How does the business address ethical or moral issues?The 1973 oil crisis s tarted in October 1973, when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries or the OPEC (consisting of the Arab members of OPEC, plus Egypt, Syria and Tunisia) proclaimed an oil embargo. By the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen from US $3 per barrel to nearly $12. This was the wake up call to search for alternative energy source. A lot of articles was posted on the power of solar technology. Jim Whitlock recognized the niche need for solar powered heaters and decided to turn an idea into reality and in turn o profit. â€Å"Pollution and the depletion of natural resources are two aspects of the same problem: Both involve using up natural resources that are limited.Pollution uses up clean air and water, Just as extraction uses up the minerals or oil in the ground† (pig 244 Shaw). However, here we have something that is free and taken for granted – Sunlight. Hallelujah Corporation uses sunlight as its primary resource and conv erts it to heat and electricity the added bonus is no pollution created. In fact studies have confirmed that in the long run installing solar powered equipment reduces cost to he consumer in the long run. Those costs are not only monetary but also environmental since no additional pollution generated there is no additional cost to improve the environment. The cost of cleaning up pollution â€Å"Cost can include time, effort, discomfort, and lost opportunities† (pig 248 Shaw).Since solar industry does not generate extra pollution it saves everyone a lot of time, effort, discomfort and lost opportunities. The longer the solar technology is used the more indirect benefit it generates. Something that deserves to be mentioned a lot of government findings are spent falls into this category. The incentive for solar industry actually comes from two levels the State and The federal both offer tax credits if consumer or a company decides to take a â€Å"greener† route. Both the state of Hawaii and the US federal government offer generous tax credits for new solar photovoltaic system installations. The state of Hawaii also gives tax credits for solar hot water systems.These incentives dramatically lower the cost of purchasing and installing a solar system and have fueled the huge wave of interest in the last several years for solar energy in Hawaii. We thought we would explain how these tax credits work in order for you to start to understand how you can take advantage of them. Now lets get into the specifics the federal government gives a 30% tax credit on the cost of equipment and installation of a solar photovoltaic system and applies to all systems placed into service before December 31, 2016. The Hawaii Energy Tax Credit allows solar customers to claim an income tax credit of 35% of the cost of equipment and installation of a solar hot water system.So here we have a savings of 30% from federal and 35% from state on top of this we have a long term savin gs on the cost of electricity and indirect benefit of no pollution being generated. Utilitarianism is the moral doctrine that we should always act to produce the greatest possible balance of good over bad for everyone affected by our actions† (pig 48 Shaw). With so many reason for the use of solar technology there is no moral or ethical counter argument against it. So what is holding back ?. It is hard to get over the initial investment. Even with all the tax credits solar investment still has a hefty price tag. It is a big investment for a middle class person to shell out for a system that has tendency to be unreliable. That brings us to the next hurdle – unreliability.Even though in this day an age this is almost a non issue because of storage batteries and much more efficient ways to store energy which is being unused. Solar energy does heavily rely on the sun and some parts of the world (other than Hawaii) sun is seasonal and inconsistent so even with all the incent ives it is unpractical in some parts of the world. Last but not least, solar technology does require maintenance once in a while, the solar panels do get dusty and dirty and they need to be hosed off. Not everyone has the physical agility to climb the roof so additional expense is squired to maintain it. What environmental issues does the business deal with? The Hallelujah solar Inc is the futures answer to the present day pollution.We live in a time when its apparent that the use of energy that comes from the combustion of fossil fuels is something that needs to be left in the past, because these sources of energy are not endless and they have quite a negative impact on our Earth's delicate CEO-system. â€Å"William T. Blackstone, have gone further to argue that each of us has a right to a livable environment. In Blackstone view, this is a human right. Each person has the right qua being human and because a livable environment is essential for one to fulfill his human capacitiesâ €  This right has emerged as a result of well as the possibility of realizing other human rights† (page 245 Shaw). Solar power is an efficient, CEO-friendly, and endless source of energy that does not have the negative effects on our environment.Yet despite the availability of alternative sources most of the power used in the United States is made from dirty fossil fuels including coal, gas, and oil. Once fossil fuels are burned to generate energy, they Anton be reused and we have to find more to create more energy. The search for more fossil fuels is only going to become more dangerous and expensive. â€Å"Ecosystem which refers to a total ecological community, both living and nonliving. Webs of interdependence structure ecosystems. Predators and prey, producers and consumers, hosts and parasites are linked, creating interlocking mechanisms – checks and balances – that stabilize the system. â€Å"(page 243 Shaw).Pollution is a cancer that is slowly eating a way at the entire ecosystem. Slowly corroding the interlocking mechanism and destroying the checks and balances. Air pollution causes damage to crops, animals, forests, and bodies of water. It also contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the sun's UP rays. Another negative effect of air pollution is the formation of acid rain, which harms trees, soils, rivers, and wildlife. Some of the other environmental effects of air pollution are haze, transportation, and global climate change. Pollution also has a direct effect on human that becomes apparent and burdensome during our lifetime.Air pollution can cause long-term and short-term health effects. It's found that the elderly and nouns children are more affected by air pollution. Short-term health effects include eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, allergic reactions, and upper respiratory infections. Some long-term health effects are lung cancer, brain damage, liver damage, kidney damage, heart disease, and respiratory disease. The sun is a huge source of free, natural and renewable power. Using solar power can help offset energy generated from fossil fuels. About half the electricity in the U. S. Comes from burning coal, which releases toxic emissions, such as nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and heavy metals like mercury.Using solar electricity reduces our dependence on coal, thus decreasing greenhouse gases and pollution. Energy produced from green sources, like solar, will help reduce our dependence on imported energy. Solar power can be generated cleanly and safely in the United States, where Jobs can be created in sales, installation, and engineering. In addition, home solar provides freedom from electricity rate increases and power outages. Here in Hawaii, this is even more critical as all of our oil is imported leaving us vulnerable to unstable worldwide fluctuations in the prices of crude oil. By going solar, you can edge the risk of fluctuating oil prices.H allelujah Solar helps fight against the ongoing pollution by offering a substitute energy source. Aside from the obvious benefit to the environment Solar company does offer something immediate to an individual such as tax credit. The government sees the benefit to not only get rid of dependence on foreign resources but also the need to take care of the environment. A lot of incentives were offered to the make money destroying the environment can there be a profitable business that benefits the environment. Apparently it can Solar industry has been gaining a lot of round people are looking to save money and governments are looking to reduce the cost of pollution and to reduce the indirect cost of foreign resource dependency. Social responsibility and environmental sustainability are core business competencies not a fringe activities† (page 245 Shaw) Conclusion and final thoughts, which may include a global view of what you've discovered about the business, what the future likel y holds for the business, etc A solar industry is finally getting its time in the sun. When I began the research I was curious in the industry and what it had to offer. With today's rising prices in oil and gas you are forced to look for alternatives. This year on may 9th president Obama stressed the need for US to find alternative energy source and pledged 2 billion dollars to solar industry. Executive actions that will drive investments in solar energy upgrades for government and private sector buildings, improve appliance efficiency standards, strengthen commercial building codes, encourage innovative financing, and create Jobs by developing a skilled solar workforce. † (Washington Post, may 9th). A lot of big corporations such as Apple and Kea are taking a chance on alarm energy and installing it at their locations. First of all there are incentives such as tax credits which save money for corporations in the short run. Second of all, there are saving incentives in the lon g run since the companies don't have to pay so much for traditional forms of energy. Third of all, it is a really great publicity stunt which can go a long way with investors. So the government is curious about the future of solar technology, the corporations are curious about yet the public remains blind.

Capitalism and Our Society

Capitalism and Our Society Essay From the very dawn of intelligent human interaction to the present day,the concept of capitalism has dominated the way we trade goods andacquire wealth. Except for the necessity of a simple communist society inpre-modern times, or the noble humanistic notion of a socialist society,the free market has always been the most efficient way to run the economyonce the most basic needs of life have been satisfied. Only during thelast several hundred years has the idea of a modern democracy beendeveloped and applied through the modern state. These two concepts arethought by some to be interrelated, but contemporary critics of theliberal form of democracy seek to separate the two notions of capitalismand democracy. However, when examining the evidence of the relation ofthe two, let us not use the altered conceptions or versions of theseterms, but rather analyse them by their base meanings as we have come tounderstand them. After this analysis of the terms and a resultingstipulation of what the ir base meanings are, critics may say that anyfurther analysis of the relationship between the two terms would betainted by their supposed definitions. The problem with this is thatwithout a common frame of reference between the two, no comparison wouldbe logically possible without considering an infinite range of possiblemeanings. With this technical matter aside, the analysis will continuewith an investigation into arguments both for and against the separationof the two terms, and then an evaluation of the true nature ofcapitalismrsquos relationship with democracy. Specifically the freemarket economy dictating the actions of any democratic regime. After thistask of evaluation is complete, the argument will conclude withillustrating how capitalism will actually lead to a more liberal form ofdemocracy. The first step of this investigation is to make some attempt to achieve acommon frame of reference between the two terms. Literally, democracy isthe rule of the people. Specifically, it is the organization in place toallow people of a specified area, through organized elections, to givetheir uncoerced opinion on who they want to represent them in government,or what they want government to do for them. The underlyingpresupposition is that government will always obey the command of themajority of voters. There are many limitations to democracy, such as thefact that people can only vote YEA or NEA on a specific topic area, thusproducing a dichotomy of choices that may not necessarily offer asolution to a problem. Also, people must leave most decisions to thepeople they elect, since they donrsquot have enough time to continuallyvote. However, the focus of this work is not to delve into this area ofcontroversy, but rather to take this understanding of democracy as thestipulated definition for this work. One critical distinction must bemade regarding Bergerrsquos understanding of the term, and that is thatthe term democracy does not include all the civil and human ri ghtsassociated with liberal democracy. Similarly, by capitalism, this work will not use any other connotation ofthe term other than describing the free market economy, where there isprivate ownership of property, and the economic freedom to buy, sell, ortrade with whomsoever you chose. The critical element of the term is thatthere is limited government in place to enforce contracts and to providea safe trading environment. Another specific meaning given to capitalismis by Friedman, who describes capitalism as economic cooperation, whereboth parties are benefiting from the trade, provided that the trade isvoluntary and informed on both sides. READ: Freedom and Opression in Literature EssayThe next step in the investigation is to analyse some of the argumentsthat capitalism is separate from democracy. Dryzek argued that anindividualrsquos consumer preferences wereproperly expressed in the economy, while the same persons politicalpreferences were expressed in politics3. This perspective indicates thatthe capitalist economy is a separate entity form the democratic politicalsystem, because these are two different institutions into which anindividual can state his or her preferences, depending on whether theyare economically or politically motivated. On the other hand, history hasgiven many examples of how a personrsquos economic preferences have beenstated in the political forum, such as voting for a politician that haspromised to reduce taxes or to establish free trade between two states. That same person could only express those preferences in the politicalforum, because they alone would have no power to change the structure ofthe economy such that it would seem advantageous to lower taxes

Intelluctual Property and design Innovation Management (study of JAMES Essay

Intelluctual Property and design Innovation Management (study of JAMES DYSON - PATENT , RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION of his works ) - Essay Example She exclaimed â€Å"Really?† and informed him that they have dozens of them around the palace (Popular Science, 2004). This story brilliantly shows till what extent Dyson became the part of our daily life and culture. The story of trials and success of Dyson – the person and the company - is worth studying through, analyzing and extracting valuable business lessons. 1. Carry out a patent search for Dyson's work. Write up the results as a summary review, commenting on the dates the patents were filed and the innovations described. What conclusions can you draw from this? While studying at the Royal College of Art in 1970 James Dyson launched his first product, the Sea Truck. (Wilmshurst, Mackay, 2002, pg. 68). Few years later as a substitute to the conventional wheelbarrow came the innovative Ballbarrow that brought its inventor success, fame and leading position on a market (Wilmshurst, Mackay, 2002). The following major inventions were the Wheelboat, that is able to tr avel on water and on land, and Trollyball – effective boat launcher (Wilmshurst, Mackay, 2002). The essential adjustment of almost every upright vacuum cleaner which is called the integral hose – is also a Dyson’s invention (Wilmshurst, Mackay, 2002). ... In 1991 Dyson’s vacuum cleaner, known as G-Force and being sold $2000 for a piece, won the International Design Fair prize in Japan. His latest inventions - Air Multiplier and Air Blade - are extravagant and futuristic show-stoppers as well. This is an official and well-known story of Dyson’s early inventions. However deeper and particularized look at the details of their â€Å"birth† can give even more information for the proper understanding of the ways that led him to success. According to the Patent Database (IPL – Intellectual property Library) James Dyson filed a patent for a Ballbarrow in 1976 first in US, then in Canada. The same way he acted during the patenting of the convertible vacuum clearing appliances in 1980. Most of his inventions have followed the same pattern. Looking though the information concerning patented innovations it can be easily noticed that between the years of major inventions there were a lot of patents filed to protect litt le adjustments to already existing devices or minor changes in them. For example each addition to the bagless vacuum cleaner, such as cyclone separator, improved control valve, upright appliance, appliance for conversion the vacuum cleaner into upright or cylinder type, and so forth, was covered with patent. Dyson constantly conducted the process of improvement, adaptation and finding innovations to the existing products and patented along with major inventions all the little adjustments, combinations and more extensive improvements to them as well. James Dyson apparently timely realized that key to long-lasting success lays in intellectual property identification, in particular patents, as a methods to safeguard his interests. To finalize the image Dyson’s approach I

English Language Larners Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English Language Larners Case Study - Essay Example For example, we are told that Elsa does not have enough people around her with whom she would practice the speaking of English language when she goes home. Worse of all, there are not as many English language learning materials around her at home as there are Spanish learning materials. Meanwhile, learning through literacy development brings out the idea that practice is one of the best ways to master the learning of English language (Smiley and Salsberry, 2007). This is because as people practice what they have learnt, they get the opportunity to make mistakes and also correct these mistakes. Constant practice also speeds up the process of gaining proficiency as it makes the learner have the luxury of devising personal methodologies of learning the language. Again for Elsa, what is happening is that she is suffering interference in her attempt to learn English as a second language as in school, she gets the opportunity of speaking Spanish with other colleagues who are Hispanic. Inde ed, if English had been the only language she spoke in school, the need for her to take her English lessons seriously would have gone up because that would have been the only way by which she would have had people to communicate with. As far as those happenings that we are not particularly certain about are concerned, mention can be made of the fact that Elsa is not receiving much parental support as far as the learning of English as a second language is concerned. This assumption is made against the background that in the case of Elsa, we read of no drastic attempts being made by the parents or other relations at home to get the little English learner motivated to learn English at the fastest rate possible. It is said that motivation are different and comes in different forms. The two generalized types of motivation that can be applied to a young English language learner like Elsa are intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Presently, any of these forms of motivation seem to be absent at home for Elsa. If intrinsic motivation was available for Elsa, we would have read of her parents trying to motivate her by trying to speak English with her, getting her as extra class teacher, praising her on her attempts and efforts in learning the English language, and planning special holidays for her for efforts she puts up at school. If extrinsic motivation were also available, we would have read of parents of Elsa buying English language learning materials like wall charts, books and films for Elsa. Indeed, motivation is an important element and reinforcement that speeds up the rate of learning for any new English language learner like Elsa. Four different relevant issues Judging from the readings, there are number of important issues that come up to describe the type of English language learner that Elsa is. Most of these issues also help us in knowing precisely what is wrong with the progress rate of Elsa and how this problem can be corrected or minimized. The first issue that is directly related to the type of English language learner Elsa is has to do with the issue of a learner who lags behind when it comes to English language learning experience. This was made manifest when she was presented with the chapter to read. It is a good sign that Ms Smith also identified this and started thinking of ways of helping Elsa to get more out of the reading experience. The second issue

Cross cultural management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cross cultural management - Case Study Example   SICLI is a well-known company in security segment that has its operations running from past 90 years. The company originally had its operations localized only in France but in later stage business operations were expanded into other geographical areas. All types of security-related products like fire extinguishers, gas detection, fire detection, security training services, etc., are manufactured by the company. SICLI has expanded its operations into global markets like USA, European, African markets, etc. French expats are utilized by the firm so as to enhance efficiency level of African operations. The firm encompasses large base of experienced employees and it is not possible for them to adapt to a completely new environment. Employees of SICLI feel that they are a part of an organization which ensures job security. This firm recruited individual from the diverse cultural background but most integral part was played by French employees. The company witnessed challenges when it was taken over by another group Williams Holdings Plc. The new CEO employed certain organizational changes which were not accepted by majority employees since its implications or importance was not conveyed appropriately. It is important that top management while expanding globally needs to be well aligned with core business culture and values. Multinational strategies or structures incorporated by MNCs are of various types like multi-domestic, global, international and transnational.   

Personal statement for applying master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal statement for applying master - Essay Example As such, I enrolled myself in Bachelors of Financial Math, Leicster University. The key objective of financial math is to understand the construction of the best financial strategies which would minimize risk taking by preventing arbitrariness via means of right pricing of assets. The first two years of the course which focused on pure math, helped teach us the essential analytical skills and cultivated logical thinking. Along with this the course also dealt with micro as well as macro economics, all of which I passed in A-level. It is always good to gain on site experience of the job. As such I have interned under the Bank of China with their international trading department. Bank of Chinaï ¼Å'or Bank of China Limited is one of China’s four state-owned commercial banks.  In terms of tier one capital, it was ranked 18th among the world’s top 1,000 banks by The Banker magazine in 2005. Their business covers commercial banking, investment banking and insurance. Members of the group include BOC Hong Kong, BOC International, BOCG Insurance and other financial institutions. It has received wide recognition from its peers, customers and authoritative media for the credit and performance it achieved in past years. It has been awarded â€Å"Best Bank in China† and â€Å"Best Domestic Bank in China† by Euro money for eight times. As a preliminary test of my abilities, I was exposed to the stock market. One of the new aspects which I learnt about was the letter of credit and how the cred it crunch in the US, UK and other developed nations was affecting the economic institutions of China. The stock market taught me to use mathematics as a key to analysis of a company- of their profits as well as their potential. Undoubtedly, I made a lot of profit along with a few loses due to the credit crisis. Both these things were teachers of the real world. Other than this, when I learnt that some of the

The Political Environment for Coca-Cola and Pepsi in India Essay

The Political Environment for Coca-Cola and Pepsi in India - Essay Example 3. The Indian market is enormous in terms of population and geography. How have the two companies responded to the sheer scale of operations in India in terms of product policies, promotional activities, pricing policies, and distribution arrangements? India is the second most populated country in the world. The country has a population of 1.19 billion people (CultureGrams). Both Pepsi and Coca Cola have done a poor job of expanding the size of the market. One of the reasons that the companies have been ineffective in this foreign market is because the firms failed to realize that the marketing strategy that worked in Western nations will not be effective in an Asian marketplace. An inherent problem of the Indian marketplace is that income per capita of the consumers is very low. The yearly gross domestic product per capita of India is $3,500 (CultureGrams). The firms have not taken advantage of the fact that their products are food items that have the attribute of being a physiologi cal necessity for customers. 4. â€Å"Global localization† (glocalization) is a policy that both companies have implemented successfully. Give examples for each company from the case. The use of globalization was utilized in the marketing strategies of the companies. For instance Pepsi realized that the Indian people have the same passion for sports that many Americans have even though the sports each market likes is different. The Pepsi ad campaigns focused on sports that Indians like such as soccer. Globalization implies that companies can implement certain business strategies in different markets with similar results. The use of acquisition was a strategy that helped Pepsi increased its overall market share. Coca Cola utilized globalization in its... This essay describes and analyzes the political environment in India, that has been very challenging to both Coca-Cola and Pepsi due to the fact that the government is very protective of the local industries. It is stated that Coca Cola entered the Indian market first in 1958, but it withdrew India in 1977 due to a controversy over the copyrights of its formula. Intellectual property is often not protected in foreign marketplaces. In order for Coca-Cola and Pepsi to penetrate the marketplace in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s these firms had to negotiate joint ventures with local firms. The researcher mentiones that political environment of India could have been studied more closely prior to these two companies entering the India marketplace. One of the reasons that the companies have been ineffective in this foreign market is because the firms failed to realize that the marketing strategy that worked in Western nations will not be effective in an Asian marketplace. Th e researcher also describes an inherent problem of the Indian marketplace, that is that income per capita of the consumers is very low. The researcher also discusses what lessons can each company draw from its Indian experience as it contemplates entry into other Big Emerging Markets and comments on the decision of both Pepsi and Coke to enter the bottled water market instead of continuing to focus on their core products — carbonated beverages and cola based drinks in particular, because a lot of consumers prefer to drink a bottle of water over a soda.

Argument Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argument Research - Essay Example Researchers have noted that couples in arranged marriages have fewer chances of getting divorced, and with the recent spike in divorce, these arranged marriages could be the solution to preventing divorce. In arranged marriages, couples readily get blessings of the parents and social acceptance from the community, which is essential for support when they have issues. It is normal for a couple in marriage to have issues and challenges, but if these issues are left unresolved, then chances of divorce become high. In arranged marriages, the couple has the support of both parents and the community, and thus, during conflicts, they can seek the support of these people to solve their issues (Beverly 16). Moreover, the parents or aunties are better experienced in marital issues, and thus, they are better equipped in helping the couple to handle marital challenges that they may come across from time to time. In love based marriages, since couples met on their own they tend to solve their problems on their own, and when they fail, they stop communicating, which is the first step towards divorce. A successful marriage is all about understanding and communication, and this is the foundation of a rranged marriages. Although people in arranged marriage marry without being in love first, sociologists have noted that, in countries where people practice arranged marriage the rate of divorce is not as high as in countries where the people chose their own partners and marry (Liu 49). For example, among the Indian community, they highly practice arranged marriage, and as a result, divorce is very rare. This arises for several reasons both negative and positive. First, couples in arranged marriages are bound by religious and cultural obligations, which make it hard to divorce. In some cases, even if the marriage does not work out, staying married is a better